social work intervention examples

All three approaches share underlying assumptions that individual characteristics of the child or parent are insufficient to explain the nature and emergence of child maltreatment; each group of models uses a different set of assumptions to examine the interactive processes, perceptions, stresses, and social supports in the family environment. The 1-year follow-up on recidivism showed a 21% rate of child abuse and neglect for the treatment group and a 31% rate for the comparison group. In addition to shifts in theoretical frameworks and relevant outcomes, evaluations of social service interventions have been complicated by two other significant factors: (1) variations in programs that are viewed as a single intervention and (2) differences in the population of children or adults who receive the social services. Four of the remaining group of 10 studies were also found to be methodologically unacceptable because of poorly defined assessment of risk, inadequate descriptions of the interventions provided, and nonblinded determination of the outcomes. Intervention with Systems Theory. The composite treatment resulted in the strongest degree of anger alleviation. evidence that school-based programs can provide positive changes in knowledge and attitudes related to prevention behavior. TABLE 4A-5 Quasi-Experimental Evaluations of Child Placement Services. Posttreatment group comparisons suggested the superiority of the BST program for enhancing personal safety skills. Examples include lobbying to change a health care law, organizing a state-wide activist group or advocating for large-scale social policy change. Anti-social behavior in the form of social phobia response or substance abuse is destructive to individuals and society. Women who go to shelters tend to be from lower socioeconomic groups. Towards a practice-based model for community intervention. References. Test focused on differentiation between good and sexually abusive touches in pictures and vignette. When compared 6 months after case determination, families in the experimental group had fewer cases opened. Comparison group received traditional county services. Espero que os guste y que podáis usarlo con vuestros alumnos, mada :) - Trabajos ELE, I recently purchased a new book for counseling, (thanks to a referral from one of my LinkedIn contacts!) Symptom-90 Checklist, Child Behavior Checklist, Family Environment Scales, Family Inventory of Life Events and Changes, treatment outcome questionnaire developed for the project, parent-child interaction system rated by evaluator. No national data exist on the number or the characteristics of clients who are served by various shelter programs. Some of the benefits are listed below. Six studies report at least short-term improvements in scores on standardized measures for treatment parents in these areas (Barth et al., 1988; Barth, 1991; Brunk et al., 1987; Egan, 1983; Resnick, 1985; Schinke et al., 1986). The intensity of the parenting, mental health, and social support services required may be greater than initially estimated in order to address the fundamental sources of instability, conflict, stress, and violence that occur repeatedly over time in the family environment, especially in disadvantaged communities. Individual social workers, psychologists, and clinics also provide services to victims of domestic violence. Positive Behavioral Support and Interventions (PBIS) was initially created to protect and support students with disabilities. The majority of the research in this area is descriptive or focuses on implementation issues (Burchard et al., 1993; Burchard and Clarke, 1989; Duchnowski et al., 1993; Van Den Berg, 1993; Dollard et al., 1994). Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), Anger Inventory (AI), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSPS), cost of care index. Table 4A-2 lists 14 evaluations in this area that meet the committee's criteria for inclusion. Some evaluations that did not meet the committee's criteria for inclusion nonetheless are discussed below because they are valuable in their attempt to clarify issues in outcome measurement and program implementation. Four weeks in-home service, two families per caseworker, intensive caseworker involvement, structural family therapy approach focus on alternatives to out-of-home placement. Do you enjoy reading reports from the Academies online for free? As in the field of child abuse, variation in the outcomes identified complicates the task of designing and implementing evaluations of services for battered women. In addition to investigation and case management, many state agencies can provide concrete services, such as income support or material aid, institutional placement, mental health services, in-home health services, supervision, education, transportation, housing, medical services, legal services, in-home assistance. Twelve 1-hour weekly sessions on stress reduction/management offered to 70 adolescent mothers in a public school continuation program. The research base is not yet strong enough to indicate whether other types of support programs, including transitional housing, peer group support, and advocacy services are effective in improving the health, safety, and well-being of the clients who use them. Comparison group received baseline services. Treatment data suggest that intensive training in parenting skills can be highly effective in reducing the level of parent-child conflict in abusive homes. SOURCE: Committee on the Assessment of Family Violence Interventions, National Research Council and Institute of Medicine, 1998. parenting skills, use of community and other support services, child development, child maltreatment reports, and injury and death rates, are still poorly understood. Social service programs designed to prevent maltreatment of elders include adult protective services agencies, casework and provision of concrete and therapeutic services, individualized service programs, training for caregivers, advocacy services, family counseling, and out-of-home placement services. Prior to referral for services, a child must be assessed as at imminent risk of removal from the family. Effectiveness of foster care has generally been measured in two ways: (1) whether or not the placement is permanent and (2) the level of the child's or adult's ability to function upon leaving foster care. However, it is not certain if such gains can be established for families who experience multiple sources of stress (such as domestic violence, substance abuse, unemployment, and violent neighborhoods) or whether such gains can be sustained over time once the intervention has ended. 2. No significant differences between treatment and control groups on the BNPI and A/API. No significant differences demonstrated in levels of support. Comparison group of victims of child maltreatment who were left in the family home. What is social work’s role today in helping our communities develop new models of community intervention? Child Behavior Checklist, Youth Self-Report, days in out-of-home placement, juvenile crime court records. However, the changing character of children in foster care over the last decade, with the trend toward increased placement of children under age 5, requires new studies to examine whether the age, length, or stability of placement is correlated with beneficial or adverse outcomes, especially when children in placement are compared with young children who have been maltreated but remain with their families. Reports of child abuse similar for both groups. Short-term interventions in this area include provision of casework services, concrete and therapeutic interventions, referral to community-based services, and short-term placements during the investigation phase. Families First Program provided 4-6 weeks of intensive services such as parenting skills training, financial management, transportation, and job skills training to families with children at risk of imminent placement in Michigan. The core of the book is a research-based review of interventions used in three institutional sectors—social services, health, and law enforcement settings—and how to measure their effectiveness in combating maltreatment of children, domestic violence, and abuse of the elderly. A fourth study reported that foster parent retention and satisfaction with their foster children's behavior can be enhanced by providing training, support, and increased stipends (Chamberlain et al., 1992), but it is uncertain whether such changes lead to improvements in the children's functioning as well. By Time Three, physical measurements were the same for the groups, the experimental group maintained its standing with the Bayley scales, scored lower on the interactions scale, but surpassed the comparison children. Two found no beneficial results in social support (Barth et al., 1988; Barth, 1991); two others found improved social support for families receiving treatment (Gaudin et al., 1991; Schinke et al., 1986). Child Parent Enrichment Project (CPEP), Contra Costa, California. A more recent study found that 56 percent of all indicated cases were closed the same day they were officially substantiated (Salovitz and Keys, 1988). This compares unfavorably with the untreated families. 3-month follow-up at 5-month posttreatment. A third found that all students improved their knowledge of and attitudes about dating violence (Lavoie et al., 1995). Subject interviews, Conflict Tactics Scales, Effectiveness of Obtaining Resources Scale designed for program. They can be used at the beginning of the year (English for level 1, Spanish for levels 2+). At its core, TCP asks social workers and their clients to come up with specific, achievable goals in order to treat target problems.Task-Centered Practice uses a four-step process to do this. Not a MyNAP member yet? For instance, in large, low-income schools, social work programs such as Career Academies set up small groups of students within the school to provide more personalized attention to each individual student. Three decades of research and practice have shifted the focus of treatment and prevention interventions away from models based solely on individual pathology toward broader social ecological models, with a new emphasis on the social context of parent-child relationships (Wolfe, 1994). Two studies that measured the comparative success of individualized service interventions against subsequent reports of child maltreatment and removal of the child did not show positive results (Hotaling et al., undated; Jones, 1985). Foster children were more likely than their comparison cohort to have committed a criminal assault. Learn more about Assessment in this area and don't forget to visit the Tools for Assessment and Intervention section too. Does the threat of arrest deter batterers? Areas that have received extensive study focus on program-specific outcomes, such as reports of child maltreatment or out-of-home placement rates. This approach improves well being by boosting positive mood and maximizing the benefits of laughter. Homebuilders program, providing 36 hours of in-person and telephone contact in 4-8 weeks for families in Utah and Washington with one or more child at risk of imminent placement. A matched comparison group received routine services. Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scales (FACES II), Family Inventory of Life Events and Changes (FILE), cost of services, rate of out-of-home placement. Bayley Scales Infant Development, Barnard Feeding and Teaching Scales, anthropometric development measures, reunification with families. Study findings noted posttest and 3-month follow-up improvements among preventive intervention subjects relative to test-only control subjects on measures of personal and social support, cognitive problem solving, self-reinforcement, parenting competence and care, and interpersonal performance. A subset of the study participants was assigned to a matched no-treatment control group. Fostering Individualized Assistance Program (FIAP) provides assessments, planning, case management, and support services to children in foster care because of abuse and neglect. Social worker 7 - Skills and interventions . According to Systems Theory and Social Work by Steven Walker, in 2019,, there are three broad schools of interventions that can be identified. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 39, 141-168. Foster children received somewhat better physical care and missed less school than children left at home. This volume will be of great interest to policymakers, social services providers, health care professionals, police and court officials, victim advocates, researchers, and concerned individuals. Training workshop for elementary school teachers on preventing child sexual abuse in Ottawa, Canada. A key question for foster care research studies is whether out-of-home placement for children who have experienced abuse or neglect creates a separate. Used to evaluate the quantity and quality of a family's linkages with formal and informal supportive resources outside the family system. Larson found improvements in treatment group families. A subset of study participants were part of a no-training control group. Home-based service clients spent 1,500 fewer days in placement and had shorter average lengths of stay than did comparison group clients. Almost half of the sample (181 agencies) offered information and referrals on elder abuse, reported cases of suspected elder abuse to adult protective services agencies, and worked to increase public awareness of the problem. Several interventions have demonstrated an ability to improve parental competence in the short term, but whether these gains can be maintained over long periods under stressful conditions and across different periods of the child's development is not certain. Supportive home helpers, spending an average of 17.5 hours per month with each client in person (12.3 hours) or on the phone for families with high-risk or abusing mothers. Most treatment and prevention interventions do not include data related to child maltreatment as an outcome measure, and those that do usually rely on reports of child abuse and neglect rather than observations of parent-child interactions. Parent groups provide information on basic child care skills, problem solving, home management, and social interaction skills. Conflict theory explains how different power structures impact people’s lives. Home-based family services intervention provided by the DePelchin Children's Center, designed to solve family problems and reduce recurrence of abuse and neglect, offered to families with a child at risk for removal but not in immediate danger. Simulation of abduction scenario to test children's reaction. Cases were resolved as unfounded by protective services. Parental competence and skills. Table 4B-4 lists four evaluations in this area that meet the committee's criteria for inclusion. The results suggest that parents can teach their preschoolers personal safety skills, and that the program can be implemented in the home. An evaluation was conducted of an intervention designed to change parental perceptions and expectations, to teach relaxation procedures to mediate stress and anger, and to train parents in problem-solving skills (Whiteman et al., 1987). The committee found no evaluations that compared outcomes for women using shelters with outcomes for battered women not using shelters. All 50 states have some form of adult protective service program to investigate referrals of cases of abuse or neglect of the elderly, although such programs are comparatively recent interventions in some regions (Byers et al., 1993; Quinn, 1985; Tatara, 1995). It found that, for some women, shelters appeared to limit. Families First, a family systems therapy provided for 4-6 weeks with therapists on call 24 hours per day. Pride in Parenthood, a program for first-time parents including biweekly support group meetings for young parents in urban Norfolk, Virginia. ... Social workers engage with individuals, families, and communities, working alongside people to determine their needs and wishes, and what action may be helpful. Since parental apathy and impulsivity are commonly associated with caregiver behaviors in cases of child neglect (Polansky, 1981), a number of studies hypothesize that improving parents' mental health will result in reduced child neglect. Included families with children aged 3-12 who were considered at risk for placement because of abuse. Two studies reviewing long-term outcomes indicate that children who are removed from their. Recently kinship care, or placement with a relative, has been included in this array of services. In generalist social work practice client system assessment is an ongoing social work skill used with all intervention levels and throughout the client intervention process. Reports of mistreated children, domestic violence, and abuse of elderly persons continue to strain the capacity of police, courts, social services agencies, and medical centers. Comparing family foster care to residential services (a group home or center-based form of placement) suggests that children in foster care are better able to function in less restrictive post-discharge environments and are more often discharged to family or relative care. Homebuilders programs offered to families referred to Family Preservation Service (FPS) in five New Jersey counties. The volume discusses the strength of the evidence and highlights emerging links among interventions in different institutional settings. social workers perspectives on the causes of placement instability among adolescents, adella jimenez. Total number of days the child spent in the home during the treatment and follow-up periods. Parent training (PT), multisystemic therapy (MT) provided to 43 families, in which one parent had been investigated for child abuse or neglect but not child sexual abuse. Some programs include a parental component, although such efforts are rarely evaluated (Reppucci and Haugaard, 1988). Behaviors can be analyzed clearly through the useful tool of behavioral chains. For elder abuse, there is no research base to inform decisions about how best to address social service interventions. Comparison of teacher and child training, child-only training, and teacher-only training. different types of stress, as well clinical interventions that focus more explicitly on providing mental health services for parents involved in known cases of child maltreatment. The FIAP group had less runaways than the standard practice group. TABLE 4A-2 Quasi-Experimental Evaluations of School-Based Sexual Abuse Prevention. Neither study found a connection between the use of advocacy services and the cessation of violence. New theoretical models that emphasize the interactions among social context, mental health, and family functioning have emerged in interventions for child maltreatment, focusing on the need to improve parental self-esteem, stress management, and the regulation of impulsive behaviors in order to enhance parental (usually the mother's) abilities to manage children through everyday care and discipline (Wolfe, 1994). Positive pre- and posttests and experimental versus control group gain in knowledge and attitude scores indicate that a short program modified attitudes and knowledge about dating violence. Some reviews of the effectiveness of social casework intervention with troubled families in general (not just child protective services) have indicated limited evidence of the effectiveness of casework intervention (Lindsey, 1994), noting that the caseworker often has little ability to change the structural and institutional barriers (such as unemployment, dangerous neighborhoods, poor housing) that confront many of their clients, limiting the scope of the intervention to smaller-scale problems. Teacher Knowledge Scale, Teacher Opinion Scale, Teacher Vignettes Measure, Teacher Prevention Behavior Measure, teacher rates of reporting sexual abuse of their students. Stress management parents also reported less negative affect associated with negative life events. Define the problem 2. Inventory to test knowledge and attitudes about woman abuse. The Elderly Abuse Support Project of Rhode Island's Department of Elderly Affairs provides assistance, support, and advocacy to elderly victims of abuse in the utilization of the criminal justice system. In the practice setting Social Workers utilize the generalist intervention model. In general, these evaluations lack long-term follow-up data and rely on proxy outcomes, such as an increase in children's knowledge and skills (Carroll et al., 1992). Social service interventions designed to improve parenting practices and provide family support have not yet demonstrated that they have the capacity to reduce or prevent abusive or neglectful behaviors significantly over time for the majority of families who have been reported for child maltreatment. Good Touch, Bad Touch, a sexual assault prevention curriculum offered to kindergarten children from four schools in rural Georgia. The goal may be referrals to available community services, or efforts may be made to elicit joint responses from the health, social services, and legal fields. Example: Men who batter their partners Theory: Social learning theory – men learn their violent behavior in their family of origin, and from a culture that rewards anger and violence in men; cognitive theory – The game is easily tailored to the patient’s needs and interests! Sexual abuse prevention programs are organized around the theory that children can be taught to avoid abuse or to protect themselves from further abuse by reporting threatening or abusive situations and employing other learned self-protective behaviors (Daro and McCurdy, 1994). "Touch," a film designed to teach children self-protection skills, followed by a class discussion with children from kindergarten, 1st, 5th, and 6th grades. Females had more positive significant changes than males; males showed some undesired direction changes. Treatment group received services from the state DHS or a private contracted agency. One less rigorous study found that the intervention most likely to result in reduced risk for the victim was the placing of a cognitively impaired victim into long-term care (Quinn et al., 1993). Some evaluators have used the standardized Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAPI) as a proxy outcome to assess the likelihood that parents will abuse their children again. These agencies are designed to provide short-term, crisis-oriented interventions, usually lasting no more than 90 days (Fredriksen, 1989). Seeks to increase the effectiveness of other interventions geared to serve specific social support functions. The groups are facilitated by professional therapists, paraprofessionals, or victim advocates and generally focus on identification of feelings about being victimized, education about domestic violence, and skill-building and self-protective behaviors (Walker, 1979; Dutton, 1992). The primary duty of state- or county-administered child protective services (CPS) agencies is to investigate and either substantiate or dismiss reports of child maltreatment; these casework management services (as opposed to treatment and prevention services) account for the large majority of the CPS budget in most communities. Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Other examples of social work intervention include small high schools cr… assuring that key aspects of promising approaches are put into practice as intended and to meet local needs pdf. Therapeutic Interventions : The focus of today's session was on helping the patient increase insight and understanding. The experimental group showed greater improvement in communication skills than the comparison group. The findings indicate that the volunteer advocate program, in comparison with the conventional system, can lead to more ambitious goal setting, greater achievement of goals, and more extensive monitoring of cases. Several major limitations in the study prevent a conclusive statement about the intervention, including the small sample size, a possible mismatch between the control and treatment groups (particularly with reference to substance abuse by the perpetrators), and systematic bias in the completion of the forms. Seven of nine studies testing gains in parenting competence indicate positive effects of interventions to reduce child neglect (Burch and Mohr, 1980; Egan, 1983; Gaudin et al., 1991; Hornick and Clarke, 1986; Larson, 1980; National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect, 1983a; Schinke et al., 1986). One evaluation looked at improvements in home environments as a proxy for decreased likelihood of child neglect with mixed results (Larson, 1980). Placement settings include foster care, therapeutic foster care, residential group care, and psychiatric hospitalization. At best, a 30-day intervention can be expected only to stabilize the immediate crisis that places the child at imminent risk. Subsequent child abuse and neglect charges, rate and severity of recidivism, out-of-home placement. The research reviewed in this chapter suggests the following: In the area of domestic violence, evaluation studies have focused on the role of shelters and advocacy services for battered women, and domestic violence prevention programs. It offers recommendations to guide services, programs, policy, and research on victim support and assistance, treatments and penalties for offenders, and law enforcement. Control group received standard protective services. Discrimination between good and bad touches in pictures and vignettes. The table includes studies that examine parenting education and social support interventions for families that experience. Related resources : A Framework for Program Evaluation: A Gateway to the Tools Table 4C-3 lists the only evaluation in this area that meets the committee's criteria for inclusion. child sexual abuse, future research will need to test the relationship between knowledge gain, attitudinal change, and behaviors that can reduce or prevent violence. Foster care of children in San Mateo, California, removed from home because of abuse and or neglect. One potentially important outcome measure for programs is the victim's progression through stages of change. Evaluations in this area are confounded by differences in the types of abuse and characteristics of families and children referred for services. These services may be offered both to the victim and to the abuser if the caseworker feels that such support may lessen the risk for future abuse (Quinn et al., 1993; Illinois Department on Aging, 1990). Improving self-esteem, seeking legal action, relocating victim or perpetrator, increasing social supports, access services. This aspect of social work intervention should be given the status of an intervention rather than as an adjunct to direct work with people using services. Findings from less rigorous studies, which did not meet the committee's selection criteria, examined the effect of teaching social skills to parents at risk of. Both the control and the delayed training group showed increased symptoms of distress over time, and the training group reported a definite decrease in symptoms (Scogin et al., 1989).

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